双城记故事梗概(<双城记>故事梗概)

《双城记》的故事梗概是什么？

故事梗概:双城记》写的是发生在巴黎和伦敦两个城市的故事。法国革命前，一个在巴黎开业、名叫马奈特的外科医生因为向政府揭发贵族厄弗里蒙兄弟将农村的一对兄妹无端迫害致死的罪行，被持有贵族特权的厄弗里蒙兄弟所陷害，马奈特医生平白无辜地被投入巴士底监狱，在狱中被关禁了整整18年。后来，厄弗里蒙侯爵失去恩宠，马奈特医生才获释出狱。马奈特医生在狱中曾设法记录了自己受迫害的过程，立誓要向厄弗里蒙家族复仇。出狱后，和女儿路茜同在英国伦敦居住，路茜邂逅一位法国青年查尔斯·代尔那。她不知道查尔斯·代尔那就是把马奈特医生送进监狱的厄弗里蒙侯爵的侄儿。马奈特医生为了女儿的幸福，同意路茜和代尔那结婚。1789年法国革命爆发，替代尔那在法国管理事务的盖白勒被革命法庭逮捕，代尔那为了营救盖白勒出狱，冒险来到巴黎。当年被害兄妹的姐姐得伐石太太认出了代尔那是厄弗里蒙侯爵的后裔，决心要把他送上断头台。马奈特医生和路茜闻讯后，立即赶到巴黎，多方营救，但在法庭审判的关键时刻，得伐石先生和太太出示了马奈特医生隐藏在巴士底监狱牢房内的控诉书，于是代尔那被判死刑。临刑前夜，热恋着路茜的英国律师卡尔登由于和代尔那面貌酷似，混入狱中，换出了代尔那。当驿车载着代尔那夫妇和马奈特医生远离巴黎的时候，卡尔登英勇地走上了断头台，为他心爱的女子献出了自己的生命。

狄更斯在《双城记》中借古喻今，用法国革命前后法国的情况来暗示当时英国国内情况。用法国革命这一“不可避免的必然性”来暗示如果英国情况不发生根本的转变，法国的历史定将在英国重演。他在《双城记》中一方面对被压迫的法国贫民充满同情，另一方面又对于积蓄起来的革命力量的爆发感到恐惧。在狄更斯看来，一旦革命爆发，群众的怒火就将一发不可收，必然会将国家投入无政府、无秩序的深渊；互相杀戮不仅会毁灭人类固有的本性，最终还将导致自我的毁灭。

狄更斯在《双城记》中进一步发展了他在前期作品中所宣扬的以仁慈为核心的圣诞精神。他要人们“勿以暴抗恶”，用仁爱、宽恕的精神来对待敌对的阶级。凡是“以暴抗暴”，违反这种基督教仁慈精神的必然会自食其果。小说描写马奈特医生在已士底狱中立誓向厄弗里蒙的后裔报仇，结果是厄弗里蒙的侄儿查尔斯·代尔那被革命法庭宣判死刑，马奈特医生替代尔那求情的时候，得伐石先生当众宣读马奈特医生藏在狱中牢房里的那份控诉书，马奈特医生便成了把代尔那送上断头台的起诉人。小说还描写法国的贫民起来用暴力推翻压迫他们的封建贵族，但是暴力使他们丧失理性，变成了疯狂的野兽。他们摧毁了巴士底监狱，却建立了新的监狱，在拉逢斯监狱中关押着未经审判就遭逮捕的贵族和平民。尤其是得伐石太太的形象，是复仇女神的化身。革命爆发时，她右手拿着斧子，腰间挂着手枪和短刀，率领妇女们攻打巴士底监狱。在恐怖统治时期，她根据编织的图案疯狂地向贵族阶级复仇。她复仇心切，要把厄弗里蒙一家斩草除根，甚至连马奈特和路茜也不放过。最后，她终于在和路茜的女仆普洛斯摔打时，被自己的手枪击毙。

和这种疯狂的复仇行为形成强烈对照的是体现在马奈特医生、路茜、代尔那和卡尔登身上的基督教仁爱精神。在狄更斯笔下，这种仁爱精神不仅能使敌对的阶级、敌对的人们互相谅解，而且可以改变人们被扭曲了的心灵，使人们在精神上获得新生。

小说的第一部的标题是“复活”，描写马奈特医生被关在巴士底狱中18年丧失了理智，是他的女儿路茜用爱的力量使他恢复了常态。后来，马奈特医生在路茜结婚前夕，知道未来的女婿就是他立誓报仇的厄弗里蒙的后裔，但是为了路茜的幸福，他不念个人旧仇，同意了这门婚事。这种仁爱精神发生了无穷的威力，使他在法国能够经受得住精神上的沉重打击，千方百计地营救代尔那出狱。同样，代尔那也体现了这种仁爱精神。在法国革命爆发以前，他同情佃农的不幸遭遇，主动放弃了贵族财产和称号。他为了让管家出狱，自己被关进了禁闭死囚的监狱。

<双城记>故事梗概

时间背景:

法国革命前夕

故事梗概:

1775年12月的一个月夜，寓居巴黎的年轻医生梅尼特散步时，突然被厄弗里蒙地侯爵兄弟强迫出诊。在侯爵府第中，他目睹一个发狂的绝色农妇和一个身受剑伤的少年饮恨而死的惨状，并获悉侯爵兄弟为了片刻淫乐杀害他们全家的内情。他拒绝侯爵兄弟的重金贿赂，写信向朝廷告发。不料控告信落到被告人手中，医生被关进巴士底狱，从此与世隔绝，杳无音讯。两年后，妻子心碎而死。幼小的孤女路茜被好友劳雷接到伦敦，在善良的女仆普洛斯抚养下长大。

18年后，梅尼特医生获释。这位精神失常的白发老人被巴黎圣安东尼区的一名酒贩、他旧日的仆人得伐石收留。这时，女儿路茜已经成长，专程接他去英国居住。旅途上，他们邂逅法国青年查理·代尔纳，受到他的细心照料。

原来代尔纳就是侯爵的儿子。他憎恨自己家族的罪恶，毅然放弃财产的继承权和贵族的姓氏，移居伦敦，当了一名法语教师。在与梅尼特父女的交往中，他对路茜产生了真诚的爱情。梅尼特为了女儿的幸福，决定埋葬过去，欣然同意他们的婚事。

在法国，代尔纳父母相继去世，叔父厄弗里蒙地侯爵继续为所欲为。当他那狂载的马车若无其事地轧死一个农民的孩子后，终于被孩子父亲用刀杀死。一场革命的风暴正在酝酿之中，得伐石的酒店就是革命活动的联络点，他的妻子不停地把贵族的暴行编织成不同的花纹，记录在围巾上，渴望复仇。

1739年法国大革命的风暴终于袭来了。巴黎人民攻占了巴士底狱，把贵族一个个送上断头台。远在伦敦的代尔纳为了营救管家盖白勒，冒险回国，一到巴黎就被捕入狱。梅尼特父女闻讯后星夜赶到。医生的出庭作证使代尔纳回到妻子的身边。可是，几小时后，代尔纳又被逮捕。在法庭上，得伐石宣读了当年医生在狱中写下的血书：向苍天和大地控告厄弗里蒙地家族的最后一个人。法庭判处代尔纳死刑。

就在这时，一直暗暗爱慕路茜的律师助手卡尔登来到巴黎，买通狱卒，混入监狱，顶替了昏迷中的代尔纳，梅尼特父女早已准备就绪，代尔纳一到，马上出发。一行人顺利地离开法国。

得伐石太太在代尔纳被判决后，又到梅尼特住所搜捕路茜及其幼女，在与普洛斯的争斗中，因枪支走火而毙命。而断头台上，卡尔登为了爱情，从容献身。

A Tale of Two Cities (1859) is a historical novel by Charles Dickens. The plot centres on the years leading up to the French Revolution and culminates in the Jacobin Reign of Terror. It tells the story of two men, Charles Darnay and Sydney Carton, who look similar but are very different in personality. Darnay is a romantic French aristocrat, while Carton is a cynical English barrister. However, the two are in love with the same woman, Lucie Manette.

Other major characters in the book include Dr. Alexandre Manette (Lucie's father), who was unjustly imprisoned in the infamous Bastille for many years under a lettre de cachet, and Madame Defarge, a female revolutionary with a grudge against the Evrémonde family.

Plot summary

[edit] Book the First: Recalled to Life

Jarvis Lorry travels to Dover to meet a young woman, Lucie Manette, in 1775. When he arrives, he informs her that her father, Doctor Manette, whom she previously believed to be dead, has actually been incarcerated as a prisoner in Paris for the past eighteen years, and has recently been released by the French government. Tellson’s Bank is sending Lorry to identify the doctor (who had been one of Tellson’s clients) and bring him to England. The news upsets Lucie greatly; he tries to comfort her, but Miss Pross takes over when she fears he has frightened Lucie too much.

The story shifts abruptly to Saint Antoine, a suburb of Paris, where a cask of wine accidentally splits and spills on the ground. The poor seize the unexpected windfall, jubilantly drinking the wine off the street. Watching the degradation in disgust is Defarge, the owner of a wineshop and leader of a band of revolutionaries. Afterwards, she goes back into her shop and talks to a group of fellow revolutionaries, who call each other "Jacques".

Mr. Lorry and Lucie Manette arrive and Defarge takes them to his apartment to see Dr. Manette. The doctor is, to all appearances, completely mad. He sits in a dark room all day making shoes, as he did while in prison. Lucie takes him to England.

[edit] Book the Second: The Golden Thread

Five years later (1780), Dr. Manette has recovered from his ordeal. French emigre Charles Darnay is tried at the Old Bailey for spying. Those testifying against him are a John Barsad and a Roger Cly, who claim that he had been reporting on English troops in North America to the French. Dr. Manette and his daughter vouch for Darnay because he had sailed with them on their voyage to England. In the end, Darnay is acquitted because the witnesses are unable to tell him apart from junior defense counsel Sydney Carton, who bears a striking resemblance to him. Carton is depicted unflatteringly as a drunkard; conversely Darnay is set out as a handsome, gallant victim of a deficient British legal process. Carton becomes enamoured with Lucie and jealous of Darnay.

In Paris, the Marquis St. Evrémonde, Darnay's uncle, is returning from an audience with Monseigneur, one of the 'greatest lords in France', when his coach runs over and kills the son of the peasant Gaspard; he throws a coin to Gaspard to compensate him for his loss; in the assembled crowd is the implacable tricoteuse, Madame Defarge. She throws the money back, enraging the Marquis and leading him to exclaim that he would willingly kill any of the peasants of France.

On his way back to his château, the Marquis passes through a village, where a road mender tells him that he saw a man clinging to the bottom of his carriage. The Marquis has his servant investigate, but no one is found.

Darnay returns to France to meet his uncle. Their political positions are diametrically opposed: Darnay is a democrat, while the Marquis is an adherent of the ancien régime. The Marquis is portrayed as a cruel, heartless nobleman:

"Repression is the only lasting philosophy. The dark deference of fear and slavery, my friend," observed the Marquis, "will keep the dogs obedient to the whip, as long as this roof," looking up to it, "shuts out the sky."

That night, Gaspard, the man who had ridden underneath the carriage, murders the Marquis in his sleep. Gaspard is later captured and hanged for his crime.

Returning to England, Darnay asks Dr. Manette for his consent to marry Lucie. He is not the only suitor however. Both Stryver, Carton's patron (by way of comic relief) and, more seriously, Carton himself, are captivated by her. Carton is the only one who reveals his feelings directly to Lucie--Stryver is convinced of the futility of his aspirations, and Darnay proposes the marriage to Dr. Manette. When Carton confesses his love to Lucie, he admits he is incapable of making her happy; she has inspired him to lead a better life, but he lacks the energy to follow through. However, he promises to "embrace any sacrifice" for her or one that she loves. Meanwhile, Darnay agrees to reveal his true surname to Dr. Manette on the morning of his marriage to Lucie.

In Paris, Monsieur and Madame Defarge foment Jacobin sympathies. Madame Defarge takes the long view, as opposed to her husband, who is impatient to bring on the revolution. They learn, from an informant within the police, that a spy is to be quartered in Saint Antoine. He is John Barsad, one of those who had given false testimony against Darnay. The following morning, Barsad enters the Defarges' wine shop, but Madame Defarge recognizes him from the description she had been given. Barsad acts as an agent provocateur and tries to lead her into discussing the impending execution of the unfortunate Gaspard. In the course of the conversation, he mentions that Darnay is to be married to Lucie Manette.

On the morning of the marriage, Darnay, at Dr. Manette's request, reveals who his family is, a detail which Dr. Manette had asked him to withhold until then. Unfortunately, this unhinges Dr. Manette, who reverts to his obsessive shoemaking. His sanity is restored before Lucie returns from her honeymoon; to prevent a further relapse, Lorry destroys the shoemaking bench which Dr. Manette had brought with him from France.

Later, in mid-July 1789, Jarvis Lorry visits the Darnays and tells them of the uneasiness in Paris. The scene cuts to the Saint Antoine fauborg for the storming of the Bastille, with the Defarges in the lead. With the hated prison in revolutionary hands, Defarge enters Dr. Manette's former cell. He uncovers a manuscript which the inmate had written ring his confinement, hidden by that same inmate on the inside of a chimney, condemning the Evrémondes, pere et fils (father and son), for his wrongful imprisonment and the destruction of his family.

In the summer of 1792, a letter is delivered to Tellson's bank, addressed to the heir of the Marquis of Evrémonde. The letter recounts the news of the imprisonment of one of the Marquis' retainers, Gabelle, and beseeches the new Marquis to come to his aid. By chance, though the bank is unaware of his identity, Darnay receives the letter. He makes plans to travel to Paris, where the Reign of Terror is running its bloody course, blithely indifferent to the danger. Lorry is sent on ahead with a (cryptic) message to the imprisoned Gabelle that he is on his way.

[edit] Book the Third: The Track of a Storm

In Beauvais, erstwhile home of Dr. Manette, Darnay is denounced by the revolutionaries as an emigrant, an aristocrat, and a traitor. His military escort takes him to Paris, where he is imprisoned. Dr. Manette and Lucie along with Miss Pross, Jerry Cruncher, and the daughter of Charles and Lucie Darnay, "Little Lucie", leave London for Paris and meet with Mr. Lorry. Dr. Manette tries to use his influence as a well-known former prisoner of the Bastille to have his son-in-law freed. He manages to protect Darnay on the night that mobs kill thousands of less-fortunate prisoners. After a year and three months, Dr. Manette successfully defends Darnay at his trial. However, that evening, Darnay is put on trial again, under new charges brought by the Defarges and one unnamed other.

While Miss Pross and Mr. Cruncher are on their way to the market, they stop at a tavern to buy wine. There, Miss Pross finds her long-lost brother, Solomon Pross, now a revolutionary official. Neither is happy with the meeting. Jerry Cruncher then recognizes him as John Barsad. Sydney Carton, to their surprise, joins the party and confirms this. He then blackmails Solomon Pross, telling him that he knows that he is a spy, as he had overheard his conversation inside the tavern, and a double agent, working for both the French and British governments at different times. Pross reluctantly gives in to Carton's demands.

When Darnay is brought back before the revolutionary tribunal, he is confronted by Defarge, who identifies Darnay as the Marquis St. Evremonde and reads from the paper found in Dr. Manette's cell. The document describes how he had been locked away in the Bastille by the deceased Marquis Evrémonde and his twin brother for trying to report their horrific crimes against a peasant family. The younger brother had become infatuated with a girl. He had kidnapped and raped her and killed her husband, brother, and father. Prior to his death, the brother had hidden the last member of the family, his younger sister, "somewhere safe." The paper concludes by condemning the Evrémondes and all of their descendants, therefore adding Dr. Manette's condemnation to those of the Defarges. Darnay is consigned to the La Force Prison and is sentenced to be guillotined within twenty-four hours.

Carton, while wandering the streets at night, stops at the Defarge wine shop, where he overhears Madame Defarge talking about her plans to have Darnay's entire family condemned. Carton discovers that she was the survivor of the ill-fated family mentioned in Dr. Manette's letter. He quickly informs Mr. Lorry and urges him and the others to leave France as soon as possible.

On the day of his execution, Darnay is visited by Carton, who, because of his love for Lucie and friendship with Darnay, offers to trade places with him. As Darnay is unwilling, Carton drugs him and has him carried out to a waiting carriage. The spy, Barsad, tells Carton to remain true to their agreement. Darnay, Dr. Manette, Mr. Lorry, Lucie, and her child flee France. Darnay uses Carton's papers to cross the border and presumably escape to England.

Miss Pross and Mr. Cruncher, who had not left with the others, prepare to depart. Meanwhile, Madame Defarge goes to the residence of Lucie and her family, believing that if she can catch them in the act of mourning for Darnay, that they could be held accountable for sympathizing with an enemy of the Republic. Miss Pross sends Mr. Cruncher out to fetch a carriage. While he is away, she is confronted by Madame Defarge. Knowing that if Madame Defarge realizes that her would-be victims have already departed, she might be able to have them stopped and brought back to Paris, Miss Pross pretends they are in another room by closing the door and placing herself in front of it. Madame Defarge figures out the fact that nobody is in the room and realizes they had already left. She fakes ignorance and orders Miss Pross to move away, but she refuses. Madame Defarge makes a break for the front door. They struggle and Madame Defarge is shot and killed by her own pistol; the noise of the shot permanently deafens Miss Pross. Miss Pross and Cruncher then quickly leave.

The novel concludes with the death of Sydney Carton. If he had any chance to express his thoughts, they would be full of prophecy: Monsieur Defarge himself be sent to the guillotine, and a future child of Charles and Lucie Darnay named after Carton.

狄更斯《双城记》的主要内容是什么？（100字以内）

《双城记》是以18世纪的法国大革命为背景的历史小说，故事中将巴黎、伦敦两个大城市连结起来，叙述梅尼特医生一家充满了爱与冒险的遭遇，中间穿插了贵族的残暴、人民的愤怒、审判间谍等等

狄更斯用他的生花妙笔写来，历历如在眼前

尤其写到对人生感到绝望的青年律师卡尔登，最后发挥“爱即牺牲”的精神，代人受刑的经过，给予读者难忘的感触

双城记有哪些主要内容？

《双城记》内容概述：《双城记》是一部以法国大革命为背景的历史小说。小说描写了法国贵族厄弗里蒙地侯爵兄弟恣意蹂躏良家妇女并且杀害了她的弟弟，但这一罪行被厄弗里蒙地侯爵强虏来就诊的梅尼特医生目睹，于是他暗中写信向朝廷告发，不幸的是这封信最终落到了侯爵手里，梅尼特医生反被诬陷，被关进巴土底狱，从此与世隔绝，杳无音讯。两年后，妻子心碎而死。幼小的孤女露茜被好友劳雷接到伦敦，在善良的女仆普洛斯抚养下长大。

梅尼特医生获释之后，曾一度被他以前的仆人得伐石收留。不久，他的女儿来到这里接他到伦敦居住。在他们去伦敦的旅途中，他们结识了法国青年查理·代尔纳，并受到他的细心照料。很快露茜和查理·代尔纳之间便互生好感，他们订婚了。

这时有一位律师席多尼·卡顿先生因为一个偶然的机会认识了露茜，并对她逐渐产生了爱慕的恋情。根据查访得来的消息，他得知查理·代尔纳竟然就是梅尼特医生的仇人侯爵的外甥。原来代尔纳因为憎恨自己家族的罪恶，毅然决定放弃自家财产的继承权和贵族的姓氏，移居伦敦，靠一份法语教师的工作自食其力。梅尼特为了女儿的幸福，决定埋葬过去，欣然同意了他们的婚事。

在法国，代尔纳父母相继去世，叔父厄弗里蒙地侯爵继续为所欲为。当他那狂载的马车若无其事地轧死一个农民的孩子后，终于被孩子父亲用刀杀死。一场革命的风暴终于在巴黎如火如荼地展开了，而曾经帮助过梅尼特的得伐石一家正是革命活动的联络站。经营酒吧的得伐石夫妇，尤其得伐石夫人，因为一家曾受侯爵的凌辱，所以非常诅咒一般的贵族。他们率先高喊革命的口号来煽动民众，最后导致侯爵家的佣人卡贝尔及他的女儿玛莉被无辜逮捕。代尔纳得知这种不合理的逮捕之后，非常气愤，于是冒着生命危险回到巴黎搭救他们，但不久也遭到革命政府的逮捕。梅尼特父女闻讯后星夜赶到。医生的出庭作证使代尔纳回到妻子的身边。但得伐石从巴土底狱的墙壁中找到了梅尼特医生当年在狱中写下的揭露厄弗里蒙地侯爵兄弟罪行的血书，他们要求代尔纳必须为厄弗里蒙地家族的罪行赎罪，于是很快代尔纳又被逮捕并被法庭判处死刑。

断头台上行刑的声音，令人感到十分恐怖。对于即将失去丈夫的露茜，其心情的悲痛可想而知。而卡顿也打算结束他长期的游荡生活，想为露茜救出她的丈夫，当他发现自己和代尔纳的外表酷似，于是设法进入牢中，替代昏迷的代尔纳上了断头台。而梅尼特父女一家，便在这革命的迷雾中迅速逃离了巴黎。

谁知道《双城记》的主要内容是什么？

《双城记》是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯所著的一部以法国大革命为背景所写成的长篇历史小说，故事中将巴黎、伦敦两个大城市连结起来，围绕着曼马内特医生一家和以德发日夫妇为首的圣安东尼区展开故事。

《双城记》以法国大革命为背景，透过贵族与平民之间的仇旧冲突，作者狄更斯传达“鲜血无法洗去仇恨，更不能替代爱”的主旨，贵族的暴虐对平民造成的伤痛不会因为鲜血而愈合，平民对贵族的仇恨也无法替代对已逝亲人的爱。

扩展资料：

创作背景

该小说创作于19世纪50年代，正处于英国资本主义经济快速发展时期，资本主义发展带来的种种罪恶和劳动人民生活的贫困化，导致下层群众中存在极端的愤懑与不满，英国社会处于爆发一场社会大革命的边缘，这与18世纪末法国的社会现状极为相似，狄更斯通过对两个城市的对比，给当时的英国社会以借鉴及警醒。

作品主题

《双城记》讲的是什么内容？

《双城记》是英国作家狄更斯的代表作。

《双城记》以法国大革命为背景，以梅尼特医生受迫害的经历为主要线索，广阔地展现了18世纪末，法、英两国的社会生活现实，深刻揭示了法国大革命前夕，封建贵族的荒淫无度，腐朽没落、凶残暴虐和疯狂压迫人民的阶级本性，形象地指出了产生法国大革命的社会基本原因以及革命的合理性、正义性，描写了人民在大革命中对贵族阶级的严惩。

作者通过他的作品警告英国统治者，应以法国大革命为戒，看到自己脚下严重的现实危机，为病态社会寻求出路。

《双城记》的人物形象大体可分为3类，即被批判的、被歪曲的和被理想化的人物。这是由作家的善恶观所决定的。作家认为一切暴力都是恶的，不论是革命的暴力抑或反革命的暴力，他都是反对的。因此，他在批判残暴的压迫者的同时也歪曲了坚持斗争的革命者，而对“善的榜样”，则大加美化。

厄弗里蒙地侯爵是一个残酷剥削和压迫农民的封建贵族的典型。他依仗贵族特权和财力，无恶不作，凶狠残暴。他奸污了得伐石太太的姐姐，杀死了得伐石太太的哥哥。他陷害仗义密诉当局的梅尼特医生，他任马狂奔踏死道帝农民的婴儿。

作者通过这一形象批判了封建贵族的惨无人道的罪行。他这个双手沾满人民鲜血的反动贵族代表，终于被怀有血海深仇的起义者所杀。

得伐石太太是法国大革命中涌现出来的女英雄，她出身佃农，父兄和姐姐都遭到侯爵的残害，因而对贵族阶级有不共戴天的血海深仇。她立场坚定，为革命不惜献出自己的一切。他爱憎分明，从不怜悯阶级敌人。在公审贵族时，她出庭作证，使敌人得到报应。但作家又把她写成可怕的“复仇女神”，她由于痛恨侯爵，因而也痛恨其侄子查理斯，连路茜及梅尼特医生，也作为自己复仇的对象，结果导致了自己的死亡。这是作家对革命者的歪曲。

梅尼特医生被刻画为既是封建暴政的牺牲者，又是暴力革命的无辜受害者。他医术高明，为人正直宽厚，富有同情心。他目睹厄弗里蒙地侯爵兄弟的暴行，仗义执言，竟惨遭迫害。出狱后，他宽厚地同意爱女路茜与世仇厄弗里蒙地的侄儿查理斯结婚。为了营救查理斯，他被得伐石太太以谋反罪加以严惩。这个人物是作者心目中善行、美德的化身。

《双城记》的情节曲折、生动、紧张而富于戏剧性，结构巧妙严密。各种描写手法的运用同抒情插笔，增强了作品的艺术感染力。风格肃穆、忧郁、具有感伤的情调。

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